Lub stability ntawm intermediates tuaj yeem muab piv los ntawm ntau yam, feem ntau suav nrog cov qauv, cov teebmeem hluav taws xob, cov teebmeem hybridization, thiab cov teebmeem spatial.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov qauv: Piv txwv li, carbocations feem ntau ruaj khov nyob rau hauv cov qauv qauv, thaum carboanions ruaj khov dua hauv cov qauv pyramidal, tab sis thaum txuas nrog lub kaw lus conjugated, lawv tuaj yeem txais cov qauv qauv ruaj khov dua.
Cov nyhuv hluav taws xob: Cov pab pawg tshem tawm hluav taws xob feem ntau ua rau txo qis kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov nruab nrab, thaum cov pab pawg pub dawb tuaj yeem ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg. Piv txwv li, allyl cations muaj zog ruaj khov vim lawv cov electron pub dawb.
Hybrid effect: Different types of carbocations (such as benzyl or allyl) are usually more stable, and the stability of carbocations generally follows the rule of 3 °>2 °>1 degree.
Cov nyhuv ntawm qhov chaw: Qhov loj thiab cov duab ntawm cov intermediates tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau lawv qhov ruaj khov. Piv txwv li, qee tus neeg nruab nrab uas muaj kev cuam tshuam loj heev tuaj yeem tsis ruaj khov vim lawv qhov chaw muaj neeg coob coob.
Los ntawm kev xav txog cov xwm txheej no, kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov intermediates sib txawv tuaj yeem sib piv tau zoo.